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Objective@#To examine the effect of posterior reduction in atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) associated with basilar invagination(BI) using Xuanwu occipital-cervical fusion system in single stage.@*Methods@#Thirty-seven AAD accompanied with BI cases treated at Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical Universiy and the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were retrospective analyzed. There were 15 males and 22 females with age of (42.3±12.3) years (range: 18-69 years). All the cases had congenital osseous abnormalities, such as assimilation of atlas and abnormal cervical fusion. Anterior tissue was released through posterior route followed by cage implantation into facet joint and occipital-cervical fixation with cantilever technique. The clinical results were evaluated using Japanese Orthopedic Association scale(JOA) and the main radiological measurements including anterior atlantodental interval (ADI), the distance of odontoid tip above Chamberlain line, clivus-canal angle(CCA) and the length of syrinx were collected. The preoperative and postoperative JOA score and radiological measurements were compared by paired t-test.@*Results@#The mean JOA score of the patients increased from 10.5 to 14.4 at the one-year follow-up(t=14.3, P=0.00). Complete reduction of AAD and BI was achieved in 34 patients.The mean clivus-canal angle improved from (118.0±6.5) degrees preoperative to (143.7±5.0) degrees postoperative(t=6.2, P=0.00). Shrinkage of the syrinx was observed 1 week after surgery in 24 patients, and 6 months in 31 patients.Twenty-eight patients achieved bone fusion 6 months after surgery. All the patients achieved bone fusion 12 months after surgery. One-side vertebral artery occlusion was diagnosed in 1 case postoperatively for transient dizziness, and relieved in 2 weeks.Two patients developed moderate neck pain after surgery, and relieved in 1 month. No implant failure, spacer subsidence or infection was observed.@*Conclusions@#The treatment of AAD associated with BI using Xuanwu occipital-cervical fusion system from posterior approach in single stage is effective and safe. Cage implantation intraarticularly and fixation with cantilever technique achieve complete reduction in most cases.
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A new type of embedded acupoint recognition device was developed for acupoint recognition and teaching. Through improving the acupoint electric resistance detection technique of the two-electrode method, combined with mechanical structure design and embedded control technology, the human acupoint database was assembled in the embedded chip with the international symbol, acupoint name, , location, chart, manuscript and audio information included, a new type of embedded acupoint recognition device was designed. The device was composed of 3 modules, named the acupoint electric resistance detection system, the embedded control system and mechanical system. It achieved skin contact sensation, the collection of electric resistance at the required skin region, the wireless communication, the liquid crystal display (LCD) human-computer interaction and acupoint magnetic head massage. When used, the resistance value of the detected skin is read on LCD to determine whether the detected skin resistance meets the features of low resistance of acupoint and further to identify the acupoint zone. Afterward, the data collected are matched with the human acupoint database to determine the information of acupoint. The control mechanical structure achieves the acupoint pressing and kneading. After verified by many operation staff, it is shown that the device not only improves the recognition speed and precision of acupoint, but also contributes to the acupoint teaching with the human acupoint database displayed on LCD. The achievements benefit the promotion of meridians and acupoints as well as the development of acupuncture devices.
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Objective To determine the electrical conductivity of cerebrum, liver, lung and muscle of rats at different postmortem intervals for investigating the relationship between EC and PMI. Methods Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed and kept at constant temperature of 25°C. Cerebrum, lung, liver and muscle were extracted at different PMIs of immediate (0d), 1d, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d, 6d and 7d, and their extraction liquids were prepared with ultrapure water at the ratio of 1g:10mL. EC were separately determined for different tissues and organs. The relationships between EC of different tissues and organs and PMI were analyzed and their regression functions were established. The characteristics of EC values for four tissues and organs were compared and their decomposition processes were discussed. Results EC of brain and muscle showed no significant changes within 1d, and increased rapidly during 2~7d; but EC of liver and lung started to increase within 1d and increased rapidly during 2~7d.The relationship between EC of different tissues and organs and PMI were well fitted with cubic equations and liver gained the highest coefficient (R2=0.96). Additional, the EC of four organs presented various increasing laws in different periods of PMI. Conclusion The EC of cerebrum, lung, liver and muscle of rats were well fitted with PMI and the determination of EC of cadaver tissues can be expected to become an effective method for PMI estimation in forensic practice.
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Objective T o analyze the relationship am ong electrical conductivity (E C ), total volatile basic nitrogen (T V B-N ), w hich is an index of decom position rate for m eat production, and postm ortem inter-val (PM I). T o explore the feasibility of E C as an index of cadaveric skeletal m uscle decom position rate and lay the foundation for PM I estim ation. Methods H ealthy Sprague-D aw ley rats w ere sacrificed by cervical vertebrae dislocation and kept at 28℃. M uscle of rear lim bs w as rem oved at different PM I, ho-m ogenized in deionized w ater and then skeletal extraction liquid of m ass concentration 0.1 g/m L w as prepared. E C and T V B-N of extraction liquid w ere separately determ ined. T he correlation betw een E C (x1) and T V B-N (x2) w as analyzed, and their regression function w as established. T he relationship be-tw een PM I (y) and these tw o param eters w ere studied, and their regression functions w ere separately established. Results T he change trends of E C and T V B-N of skeletal extraction liquid at different PM I w ere alm ost the sam e, and there w as a linear positive correlation betw een them . T he regression equation w as x2=0.14 x1-164.91 (R2=0.982). E C and T V B-N of skeletal m uscle changed significantly w ith PM I, and the regression functions w ere y=19.38 x13-370.68 x12+2526.03 x1-717.06 (R2=0.994), and y=2.56 x23-48.39 x22+330.60 x2-255.04 (R2=0.997), respectively. Conclusion E C and T V B-N of rat postm ortem skeletal m uscle show sim ilar change trends, w hich can be used as an index for decom position rate of cadaveric skeletal m uscle and provide a m ethod for further study of late PM I estim ation.
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Objective To identify the common Sarcophagidae species of necrophagous flies in Luoyang by DNA barcoding and 28S ribosomal RNA(28S rRNA) gene and evaluate its effectiveness for forensic practice. Methods Eighteen Sarcosaprophagous flies were collected and classified by entomologists with traditional morphological characteristics. The DNA of flies was extracted with Chelex-100 method. The fragments of mitochondrial cytochromec oxidase subunit I (COI) and 28S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced. Twenty corresponding species (China and South Korea) were loaded from Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) and added to the alignment. All the sequences were analyzed by MEGA 7.0 software package for nucleotide composition, genetic distance computation and phylogenetic tree construction. Results Eighteen Sarcosaprophagous flies were classified into 5 species of 3 genera. The result of amplification with 18 samples showed that length of the obtained COI and 28S rRNA gene sequences were 646bp and 721bp, respectively. And the result of alignment on BLAST online showed that index of similarity of the same species was above 99%. The thirty-eight COI sequences of Sarcosaprophagous flies were clustered into five groups by a neighbor-joining (NJ) tree on value of Bootstrap 1000. The intraspecific difference in COI was 0 to 0.022 while the interspecific difference ranged from 0.057 to 0.090 excluding Sarcophaga Africa and Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis, which was 0~0.086. The NJ tree of 28S rRNA showed Sarcophaga peregrine and Sarcophaga portschinskyi sequences were obviously clustered into two groups and the others a group. Conclusion For the five sarcophagous flies in this study, the DNA barcoding based on COI gene were able to effectively identify the Sarcophaga peregrine, Sarcophaga dux and Sarcophaga portschinskyi, while 28S rRNA gene can only differentiate Sarcophaga peregrine from others. DNA barcoding based on COI gene and 28S rRNA gene can be used as supplemental molecular markers for identifying these species.
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Objective T o explore the relationship betw een the change rules of volatile organic com pounds (V O C s) in rat m uscle and postm ortem interval (PM I). Methods A total of 120 healthy rats w ere divided random ly into 12 groups (10 for each group). A fter the rats w ere sacrificed by cervical dislocation, the bodies w ere kept at (25±1)℃. R at m uscle sam ples w ere separately obtained at 12 PM I points, including 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 d. T he V O C s in rat m uscles w ere collected, detected and ana-lyzed by headspace solid-phase m icroextraction (H S-SPM E ) coupled to gas chrom atography-m ass spec-trom eter (G C-M S ). Results In total, 15 species of V O C s w ere identified, including 9 arom atic com-pounds, 3 sulfur com pounds, 2 aliphatic acids and 1 heterocyclic com pound. T he species of V O C s in-creased w ith PM I: no species w ere detected w ithin 1 day, 3 species w ere detected on day 2, 9 on day 3, 11 on day 4, 14 from day 5 to 7, and 15 from day 8 to 10. T otal peak area of 15 species of V O C s w as significantly correlated to PM I (adjusted R2=0.15-0.96): the regression function w as y=-17.05 x2+164.36 x-246.36 (adjusted R2=0.96) from day 2 to 5, and y=2.24 x+101.13 (adjusted R2=0.97) from day 6 to 10. Conclusion T he change rules of V O C s in rat m uscle are helpful for PM I estim ation.